Abuse and neglect in childhood can impact how we understand ourselves and others
Submitted by Asa Kerr-Davis
This study looked at whether children who have experienced child maltreatment, such as abuse or neglect, find it harder to understand what other people are thinking and feeling. This skill is called mentalization, or theory of mind.
We systematically reviewed 13 studies involving children aged 5 to 12 years. Most of the studies found that children who had experienced maltreatment had more difficulty understanding other people's thoughts, feelings, and intentions than children who had not experienced maltreatment.
Because the studies used different methods, we could not combine all the results into one overall analysis, which might have told us more. Even so, the findings suggest that childhood maltreatment may make it harder for children to develop these important social thinking skills, which could affect their mental health later in life. More high-quality studies are needed to better understand this connection.
I’m a parent - what does this mean for me?
Children who have experienced maltreatment may struggle to understand their own emotions and interpret the thoughts and feelings of others. These difficulties can contribute to misunderstandings, emotional outbursts, and challenges in friendships. Providing consistent, emotionally responsive relationships, talking openly about feelings, and helping children reflect on different perspectives may support the development of mentalization skills and strengthen resilience.
I’m a teacher - what does this mean for me?
When working with children who have experienced maltreatment, consider assessing mentalization difficulties as part of case formulation, as these may contribute to emotional and relational difficulties. Interventions that explicitly promote mentalization, such as Mentalization-Based Treatment for Children (MBT-C) or therapies that foster secure therapeutic relationships and reflective thinking, may help improve social understanding and emotional regulation. The review also highlights the importance of recognising that maltreated children may initially find it difficult to develop trust within therapeutic relationships.